Goodwin was a Maine lawyer who entered politics with his election to the state's senate in 1854. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1860, but was defeated when he ran for re-election.

President Lincoln appointed Goodwin as the Chief Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court on March 6, 1863. He selected as the territory's governor when Gurley died.

Goodwin and other appointed officials traveled, under military escort, to take office via the Santa Fe Trail. They held a ceremony at Navajo Springs formally establishing the Arizona Territory on December 29, 1863.+ Navajo Springs is located on the Navajo Nation near Holbrook, Arizona. It was a water stop for travelers along the Beal Wagon Road which established much of the route followed through Arizona by the Santa Fe railroad and Route 66. *  [Source: "[Source: Navajo Springs, Arizona", Wikipedia, accessed 5/10/2013.] The party traveled on to Fort Whipple+
The fort was originally located in Chino Valley, but moved 22 miles south to Granite Creek near Prescott in 1864 while it was the seat of the territorial government. It was closed as an Army Post in 1913, becoming a military hospital, then a veteran's hospital. One of the officer's quarters has been turned into a museum operated, in part, by the Sharlot Hall Museum. *  [Source: "Fort Whipple, Arizona", Wikipedia, accessed 5/10/2013.]
which he designated as the seat of the territorial government. After a tour of the territory Goodwin designated the new town of Prescott as the territorial capitol on May 30, 1864.

In an address to the territorial legislature in 1864, he praised the Pima, Papago and Maricopa Indians as well tried and faithful allies, but excoriated the Apache for their hate and hostility.+
On the topic of the Apaches, he did not sugarcoat his feelings, saying:
On the other hand, to the Apache has been transmitted for a century an inheritance of hate and hostility to the white man. He is a murder by heredity descent—a thief by prescription. He and his ancestors have subsisted on the stock they have stolen and the trains they have plundered. They have exhausted the ingenuity of fiends to invent more excruciating tortures for the unfortunate prisoners they may take, so that the traveller acquainted with their warfare, surprised and unable to escape, reserves the last shot in his revolver for his own head.
When the troops were removed from this territory at the commencement of the rebellion, it was nearly depopulated by their murders. They have made southern Arizona and northern Mexico a wilderness and a desolation. But for them mines would be worked, innumerable sheep and cattle would cover these plains, and some of the bravest and most energetic men that were ever the pioneers of a new country, and who now fill bloody and unmarked graves would be living to see their brightest anticipations realized.
It is useless to speculate on the origin of this feeling—or to inquire which party was in the right or wrong. It is enough to know that is relentless and unchangeable. They respect no flag of truce, ask and give no quarter, and make a treaty only that, under the guise of friendship, they may rob and steal more extensively and with greater impunity. As to them one policy only can be adopted. A war must be prosecuted until they are compelled to submit and go upon a reservation. * 
[Source: "Fort Whipple Museum", Archives, Arizona State University, accessed 6/27/2013.]

When he left the state to serve as a delegate to U.S. Congress from Arizona Territory from 1865 to 1867, he never returned.

The log cabin where Goodwin resided in Prescott, Arizona's first governor's mansion, is preserved at the Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott.

Sources:

"John Noble Goodwin"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/10/2013.

"John Noble Goodwin", Old Berwick Historical Society, accessed 5/10/2013.

"Goodwin, John Noble", Archives, Arizona State University, accessed 5/10/2013.

"Fort Whipple Museum", Archives, Arizona State University, accessed 6/27/2013.

Johnson was the Vice Presidential running mate of Lincoln on the Republican ticket for Lincon's reelection in 1864. Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 and Johnson succeded him as president. In 1866 Johnson broke ties with the Republican party over their support of a civil rights bill conferring citizenship on former slaves and the Fourteenth Amendment with similar provisions. After Johnson's veto of the civil rights bill was overridden by the Republican-dominated Congress, he became allied with the Democratic party. McCormick was appointed early in 1866 when Johnson's party affiliation was in flux. * 
[Source: "Andrew Johnson", Wikipedia, accessed 6/27/2013.]

McCormick, a native New Yorker, had been tutored at home as a child because of illness. Instead of enrolling in college, he was sent to Europe under the Victorian belief that travel had curative power. While there he became correspondent for the New York Evening Post reporting on the Crimean War. Upon returning he wrote two books based on his European experiences, worked as editor for the Post, then became their war correspondent for the Civil War. He started a political career with a successful run for public school trustee, and later, worked on President Lincoln's campaign. After an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives he was appointed Chief Clerk for the Department of Agriculture in the Lincoln administration.

Arizona's first seal, nicknamed the baking power seal because of its similarity to the label on cans of Pioneer Baking Powder.

McCormick was also appointed Secretary of Arizona Territory (1863-66) under the Lincoln administration and was among the officials present at the Navajo Springs ceremony establishing the Arizona Territory. As secretary, he designed the territory's first official seal (pictured to the right) *  [Source: "Seal of Arizona", Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013; and Andy Schilling, "Sixty Five Years of A. Schilling & Company", Schilling Family, accessed 7-4-2013.] and came up with the territory's Latin motto "Ditat Deus", God enriches. He also started the Fort Whipple Arizona Miner, a semi-monthly Republican newspaper. It moved with the capitol to Prescott and changed its name to the Arizona Weekly Miner *  [Source: "About The weekly Arizona miner", Library of Congress, accessed 5-12-2013.] .

As Territorial Governor of Arizona, he presided over and protested the territory's 1866 loss of more that 12,000 square miles of land—an area larger than the entire state of Maryland. The loss was not from some foreign power's invasion, but from a land grab from the neighboring Nevada territory and Congressional sentiment against a territory which had sided, in part, with the Confederacy. *  [Thomas Edwin Farish, HISTORY OF ARIZONA, Volume VI, The Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company, San Francisco, 1918, Chapter VI, footnote to p. 128, accessed 5/11/2013; "Fast Facts Study Guide (State Areas)", The US50, accessed 5/11/2013; and "Nevada Territory", Wikipedia, accessed 5-12-2013.] Or as Nevadans might have said, "Thank you, Tucson."

In 1867 the legislature, with support from the governor, enacted a bill making Tucson, the territory's largest and most influential city, the "permanent" capitol of the territory.

McCormick sold the Arizona Miner when the capitol moved, and purchased an interest in Tucson's Weekly Arizonan, which coincidentally supported his election as delegate to the U.S. Congress where he served from 1869 to 1875. When the paper withdrew its support in 1870, he repossessed its printing press and began the Arizona Citizen.

McCormick was an alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Arizona Territory (1880). From 1895 to 1897 he was the U.S. Representative from New York's 1st District.

Sources:

"Richard Cunningham McCormick"; "Seal of Arizona"; "Nevada Territory"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Richard C. McCormick", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/12/2013.

"About The weekly Arizona miner", Library of Congress, accessed 5/12/2013.

Thomas Edwin Farish, HISTORY OF ARIZONA, Volume VI, The Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company, San Francisco, 1918, Chapter VI, footnote to p. 128, accessed 5/11/2013.

"Fast Facts Study Guide (State Areas)", The US50, accessed 5/11/2013.

Andy Schilling, "Sixty Five Years of A. Schilling & Company", Schilling Family, accessed 7-4-2013.

Safford was born in Vermont, but raised on a farm in Crete, Illinois. His father died in 1848, and his mother died the next year. In 1850 when Safford was twenty, he followed the forty-niners to California. After mining for gold in Placer County, California, he entered politics and won a seat in the California State Assembly (1857-59). He relocated to Nevada where he became a Humboldt County commissioner, toured Europe partly for his health, then received a political appointment as Surveyor General (1867-1869) from President Andrew Johnson. From that appointment he moved directly to the Arizona governorship. Thirteen days after his appointment as governor he married his first of three wives—the one that would publish the salacious allegations.

His passion, contrary to his wife's allegations, was education. He was able to win passage of a property tax in 1871 to finance public schools with the first school opening in Tucson the following year.  In 1877 he proudly reported that more than half of the state's children were literate. For his support of education he earned a third title, "father of public schools", which was more than likely the one he preferred.

Retrospective newspaper articles say Safford left the Arizona governorship with "little more than two mules and a buckboard wagon". * [Source: James Anthony Schnur, Heritage Villagers: A Social History of the Pinellas Peninsula as Revealed through the Structures at Heritage Village, © 2003, p. 249 (section titled "GA Pioneer of the American West and of the Pinellas Peninsula"), found in the University of Southern Florida St. Petersburg Digital Archive, accessed 5/12/2013.] If true, the mules eventually took him to Tombstone where he became president of the Tombstone Gold and Silver Milling and Mining Co. He was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880, but sold his business interests for $140,000 (nearly $3.2 million in 2013 dollars *  ["Inflation Calculator", DaveManuel.com, accessed 5/12/2013.] ) and left Tombstone for other opportunities in the east at about the time that Wyatt Earp arrived.+   Wyatt arrived in Tombstone in 1879, two years after Safford left office. Safford stayed in Arizona at least through the first part of the 1880's. He was almost certainly out of the state by the time of the "Gun Fight at the OK Coral" on October 26, 1881. *  [Source: "Wyatt Earp", Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.] By 1882 he was living in Tarpoon Springs, after a brief time spent in Philadelphia and then New York City.

He unsuccessfully lobbied for a second appointment as Arizona's governor in 1889.

Sources:

"Anson P. K. Safford"; "Wyatt Earp"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Anson Peacely Killan (A.P.K.) Safford", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/12/2013.

James Anthony Schnur, Heritage Villagers: A Social History of the Pinellas Peninsula as Revealed through the Structures at Heritage Village, © 2003, p. 248-251 (section titled "GA Pioneer of the American West and of the Pinellas Peninsula"), found in the University of Southern Florida St. Petersburg Digital Archive, accessed 5/12/2013.

Born in Ohio, Hoyt worked as a teacher until the start of the Civil War. He served in the Union Army, enlisting as a private but eventually rising to the rank of Captain. He studied law and was elected prosecuting attorney in 1868 and 1870 in Michigan before serving as a member of Michigan State House of Representatives (1873-76).

President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Hoyt to the office of Secretary of Arizona Territory where he served from 1876 until he was appointed Territorial Governor. As Secretary he revised the Howell Code of laws adopted by the 1sth Arizona Territorial Legislature. His revised statutes, which became known as the "Hoyt Code", was submitted to the 9th Legislature to enact as law—which they did, in addition to a law imposing a $50 (over $1,000 in 2013 dollars *  [Source: "Inflation Calculator", DaveManuel.com, accessed 5/12/2013.] ) fine for anyone allowing their hogs to run wild.

His just over 16 months in office saw completion of a reliable telegraph system and the Southern Pacific Railroad's arrival in Yuma connecting the state to the west coast. His main contribution was in reducing the conflict between civil and military authorities and North/South rivalries in the state.

His short stint as governor ended when Major General John Fremont decided that he wanted the office and had the connections to make it so. Hoyt was offered the Idaho governorship but declined because he felt the Idaho governor was being improperly replaced. He accepted appointment as Justice of Washington Territorial Supreme Court (1879-87), was President of the Washington State Constitutional Convention (1889), and Justice of Washington State Supreme Court (1890-97). He returned to teaching as regent of the University of Washington (1898-1902) and professor of law (1902-1907).

Sources:

"John Philo Hoyt"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; "9th Arizona Territorial Legislature"; and "Southern Pacific Transportation Company", Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor John P. Hoyt", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/12/2013.

"Union Civil War Veterans--Washington State, Part 1", Roots Web, an Ancestry.com community, accessed 5/12/2013.

Tom Todd, "John Philo Hoyt", Find A Grave, accessed 5/12/2013.

Fremont was appointed Territorial Governor of California in 1847 by his commanding officer. Shortly thereafter he was court-martialed and convicted of mutiny after refusing to give up the office to President Polk's appointee, but received a pardon from the President.

Venturing into politics, he was elected to the U.S. Senate from the new State of California (1850-51). In 1856 he was the first Presidential candidate of the new Republican party—"Free Soil, Free Men, and Fremont"—losing to James Buchanan.

Fremont was Major General for the Union during the Civil War. As commander of the army's Department of the West in 1861, he imposed marshal law in Missouri, confiscated secessionists property and emancipated slaves. This was well before Lincoln's  Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and compromised the President's attempt to prevent the secession of border states such as Missouri. Fremont was relieved of command and court-martialed, but received his second presidential pardoned, this one from Lincoln.

In the 1864 elections which saw Lincoln's reelection, Fremont was the presidential nominee for the Tea Party of the era, the anti-Lincoln Radical Republicans who were upset over Lincoln's slower approach to abolition and post-war reconciliation with southern states. Fremont abandoned his campaign before the election and retired from politics. He purchased an estate in New York's Hudson Valley where he oversaw his investments. Managing investments turned out not to be his forté and by 1875 he had lost everything, including the Hudson Valley estate.

In 1878 Fremont wrote President Hayes asking for a position such as the Arizona Governorship. Hayes was a long-standing admirer of Fremont, even suggesting as a young lawyer that the Ohio community where he was to live be named "Fremont" after the dashing hero of the West *  [Source: "Spiegel Grove Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Ohio", nps.gov, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, accessed 5/12/2013.] , but his wife Lucy is credited with persuading her husband to give the aging and impoverished Fremont the position. *  [Source: Emily Apt Geer, "Lucy Webb Hayes and Her Influence Upon Her Era", Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Manuscripts, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, accessed 5/12/2013, citing Harry Barnard, Rutherford B. Hayes and His America, (Indianapolis: The Bobbs Merril Co., 1954). p. 488.]

Fremont did not come to Arizona until 5 months after his appointment. In 1879, just months after arriving in the state, he departed for the East.  He returned to Arizona in 1881 only to resign.

Fremont legalized gambling in the territory and started a lottery to pay for schools and public buildings. The lottery's chief officials were Fremont and Michael Goldwater, grandfather of Arizona's Senator and one-time presidential candidate Barry Goldwater. The lottery collapsed leaving Goldwater to pay refunds for ticket holders from his own funds.

Arizona is not among the four states that have counties named in Fremont's honor, or the seven states that have towns named after him, but Tempe and Tucson have streets bearing his name.

Fremont died from a ruptured appendix *  [according to "John Charles Fremont", Find A Grave, accessed 5/12/2013. Peritonitis, which would be consistent, is listed as the cause of death in "John C. Frémont", Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.] in Manhattan on a trip from his Los Angeles home. *  Depending who you choose to believe Fremont either lived on Staten Island ["John C. Frémont", Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.], or in Los Angeles [Jeffrey Scott, "Governor John C. Fremont", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/12/2013].

Sources:

"John C. Frémont"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/12/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor John C. Fremont", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/12/2013.

"John Charles Fremont", Find A Grave, accessed 5/12/2013.

Bob Cornett, "Westward, Ho! : 'Pathfinder to the West,' John Charles Fremont", Sharlot Hall Museum Library & Archives, accessed 5/13/2013.

"Spiegel Grove Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Ohio", nps.gov, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, accessed 5/12/2013.

Emily Apt Geer, "Lucy Webb Hayes and Her Influence Upon Her Era", Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Manuscripts, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, accessed 5/12/2013, citing Harry Barnard, Rutherford B. Hayes and His America, (Indianapolis: The Bobbs Merril Co., 1954). p. 488.

"Arizona's first lottery flopped", Kingman Daily Miner, Kingman, Arizona, June 15, 1992, p. 3, accessed 5/12/2013.

Michael A. Chihak, "The state's first lottery game ended on a sour note—in 1879", The Courier, dcourier.com, Prescott, Arizona, August 11, 1981, p. 5A, accessed 5/12/2013.

Tritle was born, raised and educated in Pennsylvania. In his mid 20's, after passing the bar, he moved to California but spent only a couple of years there before moving to Nevada. In Virginia City, he organized a mining company, became the superintendent of another before getting involved with railroads. He presented the silver spike at the ceremonies connecting the first intercontinental railroad. He was elected to the first Nevada State Senate in 1866, but was defeated in runs for the governorship in 1870 and the U.S. Senate in 1880. After spending two decades in Nevada, he moved to the Arizona Territory in 1880 where he began mining and business interests.

As Territorial Governor, he was the antithesis of the unpopular absentee governor he replaced. He remained in the territory during his entire tenure leaving only for vacations, and restored confidence in the office. The "Gunfight at the OK Corral" five months before he took office brought an urgency to dealing with lawlessness—outlaw "cowboys" like those Wyatt Earp is said to have fought in the gunfight, and bands of hostile Apaches. Tritle called for the formation of a voluntary militia to deal with the Apaches, and obtained an exception to Federal law which would allow the army to restore order (though the use of Federal troops turned out to be unnecessary).

His administration was also faced with an influx of Mormon settlers and the "Thieving Thirteenth" (the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature) which overpaid themselves for fictitious services, but managed to create the Territorial Normal School in Tempe (which became Arizona State University), the University of Arizona in Tucson, and the Insane Asylum in Phoenix.

Following his term he was a delegate to 1891 Arizona State Constitutional Convention, Yavapai County Recorder (1895-1897) and Supervisor of the 1900 Arizona Census.

Mount Tritle in the Bradshaw Mountains south of Prescott bears his name.

Sources:

"Frederick Augustus Tritle"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; and "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/15/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Frederick Tritle", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/15/2013.

Tom Todd, "Frederick Augustus Tritle", Find A Grave, accessed 5/15/2013.

"Tritle, Frederick Augustus", The Political Graveyard, A Database of American History, accessed 5/15/2013.

 Zulick, a Colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War, traveled to Mexico immediately before his appointment. He was there in his roll as President of the New Jersey and Sonora Copper Mines to resolve a financial dispute. Upon arrival he made the unfortunate discoverery that under Mexican law a company's officers could be arrested and held until its bills were paid. A rescue mission was organized by a former army scout, and he was freed at 2 AM. Upon his return to Arizona, he learned that he was territorial governor. The television series, Alias Smith and Jones, featured an episode titled "The Strange Fate of Conrad Meyer Zulick" (first aired December 2, 1972) with the story line of the rescue of the soon-to-be governor.

The Arizona Territory, then predominately Democratic, celebrated its first Democratic governor at receptions in Tombstone, Tucson and Phoenix as Zulic traveled to Prescott to take office. Republican appointees of the previous governor were not so celebratory, and refused to leave office until the court ordered their departure.

As Governor, Zulick had to deal with the excessive debt incurred by the 13th Territorial Legislature, smuggling across the Mexican border, and an Apache uprising following the recent escape of Apache Indians, including Geronimo, from the San Carlos Reservation. Zulick severely cut spending, proposed mounted inspectors be hired by the border patrol, and was able proclaim the end of Indian hostilities following the capture of Geronimo's band.

His administration is most noted for repeal of the "test oath law" designed to limit the voting rights of Mormon immigrants. He argued that, "A man may be an advocate of bigamy or polygamy, or belong to the church that so believes, but until he puts forth his belief in practice he has offended no law." As a result he was accused of making a political deal with the Mormon church to control the territory. *  [Source: "A Good Governor", The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, January 14, 1887, Volume XXI, Number 98, p. 4, accessed 5/30/2013.] He also received much criticism for his view that Indians should be treated as humans. *  [Source: "The Infancy of the Arizona Territory" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.]

In his last year as governor, Zulich signed the order that moved the territorial capital from Prescott to Phoenix.

After leaving office Zulick moved to a farm near Phoenix where he grew oranges, figs, and grapes.

Sources:

"C. Meyer Zulick"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/15/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Conrad M. Zulick", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/15/2013.

Richard Gorby, "Territorial Governor Conrad Zulick had his share of trouble", Sharlot Hall Museum, posted September 7, 1997, accessed 5/15/2013.

"Alias Smith and Jones: Season 3, Episode 9, The Strange Fate of Conrad Meyer Zulick", IMDb, accessed 5/15/2013.

"A Good Governor", The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, January 14, 1887, Volume XXI, Number 98, p. 4, accessed 5/30/2013.

"The Infancy of the Arizona Territory" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.]

Wolfley successfully lobbied for appointment when Harrison, a Republican, succeeded Cleveland, a Democrat. Things started off bad when many of the Democrat appointees of the previous governor refused to leave office, carrying on a tradition established by the holdover Republican appointees in the Zulick administration. While the matter wound its way through courts, the territory had duplicate slates of Democratic and Republican officials until Wolfley discovered he could withhold the holdovers' pay.

Infighting extended to members of Wolfley's own party. An unsuccessful candidate for the governorship worked with his supporters to have Wolfley removed from office. The Federal appointment of other opponents to territorial positions also got under Wolfley's skin, as did the Morman settlers, whom he called, "a most dangerous and unscrupulous factor in politics," as he sought to reenact a law disenfranchising those who encouraged polygamy.+ The same quote regarding Morman settlers can be found in a report during the administration of Governor Fremont, ten years prior to Wolfley's administration  * [Source: Report of the Governor of Arizona made to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1879, Government Printing Office, Washington, November 20, 1879, p. 4, accessed 5/31/2013.]

There were other issues for the embattled governor: a forger attempted to seize 18,750 square-miles of land in the Peralta Grant scandal, the Gila River Dam washed out causing $750,000 of damages, and the Federal government decided to move the Chiricahua Apaches from Alabama leading to fears that they would be brought back to the Arizona Territory (they were actually moved to the Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.). He withheld pay from certain judges to replace them with "Good Republicans."

By the end of 1989 most of the Territory's newspapers were calling for his resignation, as did his Secretary of Arizona, Nathan Oakes Murphy. Wolfley established the Arizona Republican newspaper to counter his opponents and save his job. It did not save Wolfley, but it did become the state's largest paper—the Arizona Republic.

Wolfley died after being run down by a street car in California where he was attempting to use ocean waves to generate electricity.

Sources:

"Lewis Wolfley"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/15/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Lewis Wolfley", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/15/2013.

Report of the Governor of Arizona made to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1879, Government Printing Office, Washington, November 20, 1879, p. 4, accessed 5/31/2013.

Irwin's education was interrupted by the Civil War during which he served in the Union Army rising to the rank of sergeant. Following the war he graduated from Dartmouth College, then was trained in law, but he spent most of his time in the family dry goods business. He served two terms in the Iowa State House of Representatives, and five terms as the Mayor of Keokuk, Iowa.

He was appointed as the 9th Governor of the Idaho Territory in 1883 but resigned within 9 months, returning most of his salary saying that in good conscience he could not keep unearned pay.

When Irwin was appointed Arizona Territorial Governor he was quarantined in his home because his son had been diagnosed with scarlet fever. He was not sworn in until mid-January, 1991, taking over from Secretary of Arizona Nathan Oakes Murphy who had been Acting Governor. Money was still a problem in the territory, and Irwin vetoed what he called an "outrageous" spending bill. The legislature also called for a constitutional convention aimed at statehood and Irwin called a special election, but unacceptable provisions in the resulting document prevented it from receiving serious consideration. In mid-June he left for the East Coast to attempt to refinance the territory's debts, returning in mid-November. When his mother died in 1892, Irwin resigned to take care of the family business. He did not return his Arizona pay.

After his Arizona Territorial governorship, he was the U.S. "Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary" to Portugal from 1899 to 1900.

Sources:

"John N. Irwin"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor John N. Irwin", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/31/2013.

"John Nichol Irwin", People, U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, accessed 5/31/2013.

A postcard circa 1900 showing the Prescott depot for the railroad of Murphy's brother.

Murphy was born in Maine, educated in Wisconsin, but returned to Maine to teach and, later, practice law. Murphy's brother Frank was the owner of the Santa Fe, Prescott, and Phoenix Railroad, a small intrastate line which connected Prescott with the larger Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.+
In 1886 the Santa Fe, Prescott, and Phoenix Railroad's fifty miles of track connected Prescott with the Atlantic and Pacific at Ashfork. Santa Fe was reached only by the connection with A & P, and Phoenix was only a hoped for future destination.
The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad was the successor to the Pacific Railroad which caused Governor Fremont's financial demise. When A & P also ran out of money, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad provided it with funds to complete construction and eventually took it over. The A & P's charter took it along the 35th parallel in Arizona, following the well worn path of the Beal Wagon Trail and the future paths of Route 66 and I-40, well north of Prescott. In 1996 the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe merged with Burlington Northern to become the BNSF which was acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in 2009. * 
[Sources: "Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe", AroundAz.com, accessed 5/31/2013. "Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway"; and "BNSF Railway"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013. "Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe", AroundAz.com, accessed 5/31/2013. "Santa Fe Depot Historic District", Historic Preservation Master Plan, City of Prescott, accessed 5/31/2013.]
In 1887 Murphy moved to Prescott to become the land agent for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.

Murphy served as Secretary of Arizona under Lewis Wolfley, and John Nichol Irwin, and was Acting Governor for a time in both administrations.

He supported statehood, the restriction of gambling, regulation of liquor, the secret ballot, enactment of usury laws, enfranchising women, and ending Mexican fiestas.

Murphy was in office when the United States Marines landed in Hawaii on January 16, 1893, and assisted American citizens residing there to overthrow the Hawaiian Kingdom. This lead to the annexation of Hawaii in 1898.

After he left office but before he was appointed a second time, Murphy was elected Delegate to U.S. Congress from the Arizona Territory (a non-voting member of the House of Representatives) from 1895 to 1897. He died while vacationing at the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego, California.

Sources:

"Oakes Murphy"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; "Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway"; "BNSF Railway"; and "Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii" Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Nathan Oakes Murphy", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/31/2013.

"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe", AroundAz.com, accessed 5/31/2013.

"Santa Fe Depot Historic District", Historic Preservation Master Plan, City of Prescott, accessed 5/31/2013.

Hughes, a son on Welsh immigrants, was orphaned when he was 9 years old and made an indentured servant to a Calvinist farmer until he was 16. A strong abolitionist, he was initially unable to enlist in the Union Army because of poor health, but was accepted 100 days before the end of the Civil War. He considered entering the ministry, but studied law instead.

He was married to and shared many of the views of E. Josephine Brawley (called the "Mother of Arizona" by Governor Hunt). Mrs. Hughes was a member of the Women's Suffrage Movement, a friend of Susan B. Anthony, and a prime mover in the establishment of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Arizona.

Hughes moved to Tucson in 1871 for his health where he practiced law. He was appointed Arizona Territory Attorney General in 1873, but resigned in 1874 over charges that he and a judge improperly exerted influence over a mine owner. In 1877 he began publishing a Tucson newspaper which became the Arizona Daily Star. He consistently opposed liquor and gambling in the territory and favored the deportation of the indigenous Apache to Florida. As the Star's editor, he was appointed to Arizona's 6 member Board of Managers for its exhibit in the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.+

Sources:

"L. C. Hughes"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/7/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Louis C. Hughes", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/7/2013.

Bruce Hilpert, "Arizona Goes to the Fair, The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893", Airzona and the West, Vol. 25, No. 3, Autumn 1983, pp. Journal of the Southwest, accessed 5/31/2013.

"George F. Coats", FindAGrave.com, accessed 4/7/2013.

"Gallery of Mayors", City of Phoenix Official Web Site, accessed 6/7/2013.

Barbara Maranzani, "7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World's Fair", History.com, May 1, 2013, accessed 6/7/2013.

"Ferris wheel"; and "World's Columbian Exposition"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/7/2013.

Franklin was elected State Senator to the newly admitted State of Kansas in 1861, but never served because of the outbreak of the Civil War.+
Kansas was a free state and did not join the Confederacy. Franklin was born and raised in Missouri, a slave state. Although there was considerable support for the Confederacy in the Missouri, it remained in the Union—with the help of marshal law imposed by Union troops under the command of future Arizona Territorial Governor John C. Fremont. It was his order freeing the slaves of rebellious Missourians that led to his second court marshal. * 
[Sources: "Missouri in the American Civil War"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/8/2013.]
Instead, he entered the Confederate Army as a private, rising to the rank of Captain. As a former Confederate officer, he could not practice law or hold office after the war unless he took an oath of allegiance to the victor. Instead, he farmed in Columbia, Missouri, from 1865 to 1868 when he finally took the onerous oath. He was prosecuting attorney for Jackson County, Missouri from 1871 to 1875. From 1875 to 1879 he represented Missouri in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was U.S. Consul in Hankow, China, from 1885 to 1889. Commonly know as "B. J." Franklin, he claimed ancestry to the more famous Benjamin Franklin, though biographers have been unable to confirm this claim.

By 1892 Franklin had settled in Phoenix and was practicing law. As a newcomer to the territory, he was not aligned to any particular group but became aware of efforts to have the unpopular pro-suffrage, pro-Sabbath, anti-liquor, anti-gambling, anti-prostitution Governor Hughes removed. When Franklin persuaded several prominent Arizonans to provide letters recommending his appointment, President Cleveland saw the benefit of replacing Hughes with someone having a slightly more relaxed moral standard.

The Fleming Building where Franklin practiced law with his son on a circa 1905 postcard. Note the "Law Offices" sign on the second floor corner.

Governor Franklin chose his son Alfred for his personal secretary. He pushed for statehood and tax reform, believing that many businesses and individuals were not paying their fair share. Although he was averse to soliciting funds from Congress, he realized that only the Federal government had the ability to build dams and major irrigation projects. Among the many bills he refused to sign was one providing for compulsory school attendance, which he thought impractical in a territory as rural as Arizona.

In 1897 he suffered a near fatal heart attack. He left office when a Republican was elected President.

Franklin returned to practice law with his son in the Fleming Building in Phoenix.+
The Fleming Building was constructed as a two story office building on the northwest corner of First Avenue and Washington Street in 1883. An additional two stories were added in 1896 along with the first elevators in Phoenix. * 
[Source: Kathleen Garcia (editor), Images of America, Early Phoenix, Arcadia Publishing, 2008, pp. 26-27, accessed 6/7/2013.]

The next year he did not awake from a nap in his Phoenix home, and it was assumed that he died from a heart attack.

Sources:

"Benjamin Joseph Franklin"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; and "Missouri in the American Civil War"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/8/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Benjamin Franklin", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/8/2013.

Donna Carr, "Benjamin Joseph Franklin, 1834-1898", Pioneers' Cemetery Association, accessed 6/8/2013.

"Benjamin Franklin in household of John W Franklin", United States Census, 1850, accessed 6/7/2013.

"Benj. J. Franklin", United States Census, 1880, accessed 6/7/2013.

"Benjamin J. Franklin, Pioneer & Military Memorial Park, Phoenix", Graveside Arizona, accessed 6/7/2013.

Kathleen Garcia (editor), Images of America, Early Phoenix, Arcadia Publishing, 2008, pp. 26-27, accessed 6/7/2013.

Born in Pennsylvania, he moved to Wisconsin in his teens where he spent the majority of his life. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, 1873-4; a delegate to Republican National Convention, 1876; a member of Wisconsin State Assembly, 1881; and a member U.S. House of Representatives, 1889-91.

McCord was appointed Territorial Governor of Arizona by his close friend, William McKinley. In his short time in office he never met with the Arizona Legislature, and none of his appointment had the opportunity to be confirmed. Irrigation was a prime concern of his, but the Yuma irrigation project failed at great government expense and 11 prisoners escaped while working on the project.

On April 25, 1898 the Spanish-American War commenced with Spain declaring war following the United States' ultimatum demanding surrender Spanish control of Cuba. Shortly thereafter McCord organized the Arizona's Territorial Regiment for the war. In spite of his age and lack of military experience he had the compelling idea that his services were needed in the regiment. When he found that a sitting governor could not serve, he resigned the governorship. As one might expect for a 58 year old volunteer, he never saw action.+

McKinley gave McCord the post of US Marshall for Arizona to compensate him for giving up the governorship.

McCord died in Phoenix of Bright's disease.+

Sources:

"Myron H. McCord"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/9/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Governor Myron H. McCord", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/9/2013.

"Spanish-American War"; and "Propaganda of the Spanish-American War",Wikipedia, accessed 6/9/2013.

"James K. Polk"; "Franklin Pierce"; and "Theodore Roosevelt"; The White House, accessed 6/10/2013.

"Bright's disease"; and "Bloodletting"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/9/2013.

"What Is Bright's Disease?" wiseGEEK.com, accessed 6/9/2013.

David Wootton, Bad Medicine : Doctors Doing Harm Since Hippocrates, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006.

The Arizona Rangers in 1903.

During his second appointment, Murphy created a normal school in Flagstaff (1899) to train teachers (which would become Northern Arizona University), and the Arizona Rangers (1901-1909) to establish law in the territory. It is said that no single act did more to move Arizona toward statehood than the rangers.

His opposition of the Newland Act of 1902 lead President Theodore Roosevelt to ask for his resignation. The Newland Act (named for its author) allowed the Federal government use proceeds from sale of public lands for irrigation projects, and which would lead to the irrigation of the Salt River Valley with the creation of the Salt River Project in 1903.

Sources:

"Oakes Murphy"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; and "Salt River Project"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Nathan Oakes Murphy", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 5/31/2013.

"Reclamation Act/Newlands Act of 1902", Center for Columbia River History, accessed 5/31/2013.

James Harvey McClintock, "The Arizona Rangers", 1913, reproduced in Arizona Legends, accessed 8/11/2013.

Second Lieutenant Brodie's West Point photo, taken not long before his arrival at Camp Apache.

Born in upstate New York, Brody attended a boarding school, then received an appointment to the United States Military Academy.+
The academy is also known by its location in West Point, New York. It was established by Congress in 1802, but cadets received artillery and engineering training there as early as 1794. The West Point site was first occupied two years into the revolutionary war making it the oldest continuously operating army post in the United States. * 
[Source: "United States Military Academy", Wikipedia, accessed 6/10/2013.]
Upon graduation in 1870 he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the First Cavalry and sent to Camp Apache in the White Mountains of the Arizona Territory.+
Camp Apache was the headquarters for General George Crook who led the cavalry in Arizona during the Yavapai War (also known as the Tonto War and the Apache War, 1871-1875) against renegade Yavapai and Western Apache. General Crook's log cabin has been preserved and can be visited at the Fort Apache Historic Park on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, south of Whiteriver, Arizona. * 
[Sources: "Fort Apache Indian Reservation"; and "Yavapai War"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/10/2013.]
On post for less than a year, the 21 year old lieutenant and his five-soldier detachment were ambushed by a band of Apaches outnumbering them five to one. He managed his group and their ammunition over an 8 hour fight returning them all safely to camp, leaving 11 dead Apaches, and earning him a personal commendation from the Secretary of War. * 
[Source: Budge Ruffner, "Alexander Brodie: A governor for all seasons", The Prescott Courier, Territorial Days Extra, June 4, 1981, pp. 12, accessed 6/12/2013.]

In 1877 while he was stationed in Washington, Brodie's wife and newborn daughter died in childbirth as the result, he believed, of the inadequate medical facilities on the raw frontier. Within a month he resigned his commission. He spent the next seven years seemingly without direction, working as a cattleman in Kansas and a miner in the Dakota Territory. In 1883 Brodie again joined the U.S. Cavalry and was returned to the Arizona Territory where he remained at the end of his short enlistment.

From 1884 on, Brodie worked as a civil and mining engineer making his home in Prescott. In 1889 he was hired as the chief engineer and superintendent for the newly completed Walnut Grove Dam on the Hassayampa River north of Wickenburg.+
A number of sources incorrectly suggest that Brodie was the superintendent and chief engineer at the time of the construction of the Walnut Grove Dam. He did serve as an assistant engineer during 1888-89 as the dam was nearing completion, but when he became superintendent and chief engineer the dam was complete. His assignment was the enlargement of the spillway, and construction of a diversion dam and a flume from the smaller dam to the placer deposits.
The impetus for the dam had been the water required for placer mining of gold. Surface gold—the kind you can find gold panning, if you're lucky—was discovered in 1863 in the surface rock and riverbed along the upper Hassayampa River above Wickenburg. In the cycles of the Hassayampa River, it was said, "there was either enough water to float a steamboat or [it was] dry enough that the fish had to carry canteens". The Walnut Grove Dam would answer the needs of placer mining and as well as the irrigation of 500 acres of farmland below the dam.

The Walnut Grove Dam nearing completion as it appeared in the October 20, 1888 edition of Engineering News. On the left water can be seen running over the spillway. Five engineers with greatly varying expertise and experience took their turns at supervision during the less than two years (1886-1888) of construction. The dam was built using the relatively new "rock-fill" construction, which requires proper placement of rock with smaller stones filling in around larger ones, and the sealing of its upstream side since water can flow through stacked rock. The Walnut Grove Dam was sealed with wood, tar paper and caulking. The dam leaked badly—which seemed not to bother anyone connected with the dam or living downstream.
The spillway was something which apparently did cause some concern. The second of the five engineers (and the one having the most expertise) called for a 55 foot wide, 12 foot deep spillway. He was fired after four months on the job, and his spillway was replaced with one much smaller and less expensive. When construction was completed, concern over the spillway was sufficient to have Brodie charged with widening it. * 
[Source: Jim Liggett, Arizona's Worst Disaster, The Hassayampa Story, Pathfinder Publishing, Wickenburg, AZ, 2009, pp. 25, 47-55, 68, accessed 6/12/2013.]
In February 1890, the watershed for the Hassayampa River experienced three days of heavy rainfall landing on the larger than normal snow pack. The massive runoff over-topped the dam resulting in its catastrophic failure and the second greatest disaster in the history of Arizona with the loss of between 70 and 100 lives.+
Published numbers for loss of life vary from 10 (less than the number of bodies actually recovered) to 150, with most accounts falling within the 70 to 100 range. The only single event which caused a greater loss of life in Arizona was the 1958 collision of two planes over the Grand Canyon resulting in 128 deaths. The collapse of the Walnut Grove Dam released 9.8 billion gallons of water, more than twice the amount released in the United States' worst flood disaster—the 1889 collapse of the South Fork Dam 14 miles upstream from Johnstown, Pennsylvania, which killed 2200 people.
All experts commenting on the Walnut Grove Dam disaster agree that the inadequate spillway was the immediate cause of the dam's failure. Others also point to its placement as even more significant. The flow of spillway water eroded the downstream face of the dam and the adjacent canyon walls. Even if the spillway had been large enough to prevent overflow of the dam, the erosion would have resulted in the dam's failure.
The leaks in the dam have been acquitted. Leaking through the rock of a rock-fill dam is not necessarily serious, but leaks originating in the sand beneath dam could be lethal. The Walnut Grove Dam withstood a three foot high flow of floodwater over its top for about six hours—an impressive performance which would be unlikely if the leaks had compromised the dam's structure.
The loss of life from the Walnut Grove Dam collapse might have been less had the efforts to warn those downstream been successful. On the afternoon before the flood as water was passing over the top of the dam, the assistant superintendent became concerned that dam failure was imminent. He hired a prospector working as a blacksmith to ride downstream and warn the population to move to high ground. He made two serious mistakes: He chose an individual known as a "habitual drunkard", and he paid him in advance. The blacksmith made it only as far as the first saloon where he became so discouraged when patrons did not believe him that he had more than few drinks and was unable to continue farther.
The assistant superintendent might have had an inkling that his rider should not be relied upon, so he also sent a second. Papers reported that the second rider was unable to keep ahead of the flood and lost his life trying to cross the flooding Hassayampa. * 
[Sources: Jim Liggett, Arizona's Worst Disaster, The Hassayampa Story, Pathfinder Publishing, Wickenburg, AZ, 2009, pp. ix-xii, 31, 33-34, 69-77; accessed 6/12/2013.]
Two years after the disaster, Brodie married Mary Louise Hanlon, the niece of the president of the company that built the dam. She had narrowly escaped the flood and was praised for her efforts to administer to other flood victims.

Before joining the Rough Riders in the Spanish American War (1898), Brodie was commander of the Arizona Territorial National Guard (1891-2), and Yavapai County Recorder (1893-1895). He became a friend of Theodore Roosevelt while serving as a Rough Rider and succeeded him as their commander. Returning to Arizona, Brody was the Republican nominee for Territorial Delegate (1898) before being appointed to the governorship by his new good friend.

One of Brodie's first acts as Territorial Governor was to pardon the stagecoach robber, Pearl Heart. She had become a national sensation and the pardon appears to have been based more on pragmatic than moral grounds—the only female in the Florence prison was a major disruption from inmates to guards, to the warden and to the legions of visitors, most notably the press.+

Pearl Heart from Cosmopolitan, 1899.Pearl was not the nation's only female stagecoach robber. 30 years earlier Jane Kirkland was attempting a stagecoach robbery on the road from Leadville, Colorado, when she was shot and killed—by her husband, a deputy who was riding in the stagecoach undercover. But Pearl was the only one who rose to fame using her feminine wiles (and where necessary, more physical charms) to their best advantage in whatever situation she found herself.
Prior to her stagecoach robber days, she was said to lure men up to her room. Instead of romance, the men would receive a bonk on the head from Pearl's partner and lose whatever money the were carrying.
At trial for armed robbery she freely admitted her guilt, but told a woeful tale of her desperate need for money to return to Toledo, Ohio to minister to her fast-failing mother. An all male jury found her not guilty of robbery. The furious judge said she "flirted with jury, bending them to her will". Pearl was then charged and convicted of tampering with the U.S. mail by a less sympathetic jury. She received a 5 year sentence which brought her to the territorial prison in Florence.
In prison she charmed the warden into giving her an oversize cell with a small yard where she could entertain reporters and other guests (always male, often trustees), and pose for pictures. Since the pardon was conditioned on her leaving Arizona, it removed her influence from the prison system, and the territory.
After her pardon, Pearl attempted to parlay her charms into a performing career. For a time she appeared in a stage show reenacting her crime, and later she spoke on the horrors of imprisonment. Without the benefit of a usually-confined all male audience, her acting and speaking career was short lived. * 
[Sources: "An Arizona Episode", The Cosmopolitan, Irvington-on-the-Hudson, New York, Vol. 27, May-October 1899, pp. 673-677, accessed 6/12/2013. Claudette Simpson, "Pearl Heart: Arizona's Woman Bandit", Prescott Courier, December 18, 1881, accessed 6/16/2013. Kathy Weiser-Alexander, "Pearl Hart - Lady Bandit of Arizona", Legends of America, December 18, 1881, accessed 6/16/2013. "Pearl Hart", Wikipedia, accessed 6/16/2013]

Although Brodie had frequently been involved with mining management, he asked the legislature to increase tax rates on mines to their fair share, and to end the payment of mine workers in company script only redeemable at the company store. He introduced 8-hour days for mine and railroad workers (though the latter could still work up to 16 consecutive hours), but gave a 10 year tax exemption for new railroads and hydroelectric dams. He selected the site for Roosevelt Dam, and licensed physicians and dentists. Although he initially endorsed a bill supporting statehood of a combined Arizona and New Mexico territory, after a two year study he appealed to the legislature to oppose such a merger.

When he resigned following the election of a Democratic President, Brodie, whom biographers have described as an outstanding territorial governor, was given a ceremonial saber as a token of the esteem by the Democratic-controlled legislature.

Brodie returned to the army with the rank of Major and served in the War Department, the Philippines, the Dakotas, and California. He retired as Colonel, and moved to Haddonfield, New Jersey.

Sources:

"Alexander Oswald Brodie"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Alexander O. Brodie", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/12/2013.

Michael Robert Patterson, "Alexander Oswald Brodie", Arlington National Cemetery Website, accessed 6/12/2013.

"United States Military Academy"; "Fort Apache Indian Reservation"; and "Yavapai War"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/10/2013.

"Fort Apache Historic Park", White Mountain Apache Tribe, accessed 6/12/2013.

Budge Ruffner, "Alexander Brodie: A governor for all seasons", The Prescott Courier, Territorial Days Extra, June 4, 1981, pp. 12-15, accessed 6/12/2013.

Jay Eby, "Buckey was charismatic but Brodie was the Rough Riders' glue", Sharlot Hall Museum Archives, posted April 28, 2002, accessed 6/12/2013.

Jim Liggett, Arizona's Worst Disaster, The Hassayampa Story, Pathfinder Publishing, Wickenburg, AZ, 2009, accessed 6/12/2013.

"Grand Conyon Collision", AroundAZ, doney.net, accessed 6/12/2013.

"An Arizona Episode", The Cosmopolitan, Irvington-on-the-Hudson, New York, Vol. 27, May-October 1899, pp. 673-677, accessed 6/12/2013.

Claudette Simpson, "Pearl Heart: Arizona's Woman Bandit", Prescott Courier, December 18, 1881, accessed 6/16/2013.

Kathy Weiser-Alexander, "Pearl Hart - Lady Bandit of Arizona", Legends of America, December 18, 1881, accessed 6/16/2013.

"Pearl Hart", Wikipedia, accessed 6/16/2013.

"Stagecoach Robbery", Oracle ThinkQuest Educational Foundation, accessed 6/16/2013.

Kibbey was appointed as Associate Justice of Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, serving from 1889 to 1894. It was the territory's ultimate office for one trained as a lawyer, and the position for which Kibbey wanted to be remembered. But a territorial justice was a political appointment and shortly after a Democratic president was elected, Kibbey was replaced.

Kibbey was elected to the 22nd Arizona Territorial Legislature in 1902 and as Phoenix City Attorney in 1904. He was a delegate to the 1904 Republican National Convention. He helped found the Salt River Valley Water User's Association (which became part of the Salt River Project) and wrote it's Articles of Incorporation in 1902.

As governor, he opposed a proposal popular in New Mexico but not in Arizona to recombine the two territories and admit them as a single state. He enacted increased taxes on mines, and called for restrictions on the sale of tobacco and liquor, a prohibition on gambling, reduce saloon hours, and banning women from saloon work.

After leaving office he handled a case challenging the school segregation law which he had vetoed as governor.  He won a partial injunction from the district court, but before the appeal was heard Arizona had become a state and its Supreme Court upheld segregation.

He learned to drive a car in his later years, but avoided third gear since he tended to lose control at those higher speeds.

Sources:

"Joseph Henry Kibbey"; and "List of Governors of Arizona"; Wikipedia, accessed 5/31/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Joseph H. Kibbey", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/12/2013.

Well before the start of the Civil War, Sloan's parents moved from South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, to Ohio because of their opposition to slavery and secession. In his mid 20's, suffering from hay fever and asthma, Sloan moved to the Arizona Territory for his heath.

Three years later he was elected Pinal County Attorney, serving 1887-1889. He was then elected Councilmember (similar to state senator) in the 15th Arizona Territorial Legislature (1889-1891) which presided over the move of the territorial capitol from Prescott to Phoenix. He moved on to an appointment as Associate Justice, Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, serving from 1897 to 1909.

In October 1909, newly minted territorial governor Sloan lobbied President Taft for statehood, escorting him on a tour of the territory from the Grand Canyon, through Prescott, Phoenix, and Yuma. The following January Arizona's territorial delegate introduced a statehood bill in the U.S. House of Representatives.+ Similar bills had been introduced in the house in 1889, 1893, and 1902, but died without a vote. Both the house and senate passed statehood bills in 1904, but differences in the bills could not be resolved and they died. A bill for admitting the territories of Arizona and New Mexico as a single state almost as large as Texas was passed and signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, but failed to meet approval in the territories because of tremendous opposition in Arizona. *  [Source: "Documents Leading to Statehood", Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records, sections 1889-1906, accessed 8/14/2013.] Sloan spend the spring of 1910 in Washington D.C. lobbying for Arizona statehood. His efforts were rewarded on June 20, 1910 when President Taft signed a bill into law enabling both Arizona and New Mexico to form their state constitutions and governments which, if approved, would lead to two new states.

When Arizona presented it's constitution, President Taft objected to a provision allowing the recall of state judges. New Mexico become a state without a glitch, but Arizona had to amended its constitution to remove the offending provision. Voters approved the amended constitution and Taft signed a bill making Arizona state on February 14, 1912. Nine months later Arizonans amended their constitution again and restored the provision allowing recall of judges.

President Taft let Arizonans know how he felt about their action about a year later when the warden at the State Prison at Florence wrote him seeking support for the abolishment of capitol punishment. The warden received a reply bearing Taft's signature: "Dear sir: I do not believe in the abolition of capital punishment for the people of Arizona." *  [Sources: "Documents Leading to Statehood", Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records, accessed 6/29/2013; and "Government and the State of Arizona" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.]

Statehood ended Sloan's term as territorial governor. President Taft gave him a recess appointment on the United States District Court for Arizona, which expired in 1913.

Sources:

"Richard Elihu Sloan"; "List of Governors of Arizona"; and "South Carolina"; Wikipedia, accessed 6/18/2013.

Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Richard E. Sloan", Arizona History Reference Guides, accessed 6/12/2013.

"Documents Leading to Statehood", Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records, sections 1889-1912, accessed 8/14/2013.

Hunt lost his bid for a third term by 30 votes. Not recognizing the reality of the results, he had himself sworn in for a third term on December 30, 1916, and refused to vacate the governor's office. On the same day the apparent winner, Thomas Edward Campbell, was also sworn in, opening his offices in his home. The state treasurer and auditor said that they would not honor checks signed by Campbell. Hotels and lodging houses refused to give credit to members of the legislature until some governor was authorized to pay them.

Governor Hunt took his case the Arizona Superior Court on January 25, 1917. Two days later the court declared Campbell to be the de facto governor. Hunt agreed to turn his office over to Campbell two days after the judgement.

Since Campbell was sworn in on December 30, 1916, that is the date used here for the end of Hunt's term. Other sources give January 1, 1917 as the end of Hunt's term.

Hunt was not through. He appealed the case to the Arizona Supreme Court.

[Source: "Government and the State of Arizona" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.]

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"George W. P. Hunt", "List of Governors of Arizona", and "Horatio Alger, Jr.", Wikipedia, accessed 6/30/2013.

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On December 22, 1917, the Supreme Court of Arizona ruled on Governor Hunt's appeal of the Superior Court order declaring Campbell governor. It found that, based on a recount, Hunt was legally elected by a margin of 42 votes. Campbell turned over his office three days later.

Since Campbell was sworn in on December 30, 1916, this is the date used for the start of his term. Other sources have used January 1, 1917. Similarly, the date Campbell turned over his office, consistent with the court's ruling ending his term, is used for the ending date of his term.

[Sources: "Government and the State of Arizona" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.; "List of Governors of Arizona", Wikipedia, link to source site, accessed 6/23/2013; and Carol West, "Arizona's first governor: George Wiley Paul Hunt", inside Tucson Business, posted March 16,2012, link to source site, accessed 6/23/2013.]

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Jeffrey Scott, "Governor Thomas E. Campbell", Arizona History Reference Guides, link to source site, accessed 6/19/2013.

"Government and the State of Arizona" in "Arizona State History", SHG Resources–State Handbook & Guide, accessed 6-30-2013.

"List of Governors of Arizona", Wikipedia, link to source site, accessed 6/23/2013.

Carol West, "Arizona's first governor: George Wiley Paul Hunt", inside Tucson Business, posted March 16,2012, link to source site, accessed 6/23/2013.

Just as he had thought, Hunt was elected to a third term—according to the ruling of the Arizona Supreme Court.

[Source: "Arizona State History" as cited in sources below.]

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