Changes in § 362.
Automatic stay
Removal of Stays in Refiled Cases
§362(c)(3) & (4) terminates the
automatic stay 30 days after the commencement of Chapter 7, 11 and
13 cases if a previous dismissed case was pending within 1 year
before the present case. The stay may remain in effect after
notice and hearing in which it is found that the filing of the later
case is in good faith.
A case is presumed not in good faith if --
- More than one case was pending within the previous year; OR
- The debtor failed to file or amend the petition or schedules,
provide adequate protection ordered by the court, or
perform the terms of a confirmed plan; OR.
- There has not been a substantial change in the financial or
personal affairs of the debtor or there is any other reason to
conclude that a discharge will not be granted in Chapter 7 or a
plan confirmed and performed in Chapters 11 &13; OR
- As to a particular creditor, if that creditor obtained a
lifting of the stay in a previous case.
A case refiled after dismissal of a case due to the creation of a
debt payment plan is not filed not in good faith. §362(i)
If 2 or more previous cases were pending within 1 year before the
present case, the stays do not go into effect. The stays may
be put into effect after notice and hearing in which it is found
that the filing of the present case is in good faith.
The provisions of §362(c)(3) & (4)
do not apply if the previous case was dismissed under §707(b)
[the means test].
Continuation of Relief from Stay Against Real
Property in Refiled Cases
§362(d)(4) continues the relief from
the stay regarding real property effect as to subsequent cases filed
within 2 years if the bankruptcy petition was part of a scheme to
delay, hinder, and defraud creditors and involved transfer the real
property or multiple bankruptcy filings. This is further
effectuated by §362(b)(20) & (21).
Removal of Stay When Debt Is Not Reaffirmed
§362(h) removes the stay with respect to
personal property if the debtor does not file and perform under a
Statement of Intentions.
Exclusions from the Automatic Stay
The following actions are excluded from the Automatic Stay:
- §362(b)(2) excludes additional child
support and domestic relations actions.
- §362(b)(19) excludes withholding in
repayment of a pension, profit-sharing, stock bonus, etc. loans.
- §362(b)(22), (23) & (24)
excludes forcible detainer actions under residential rental
agreements.
- §362(b)(26) excludes certain
securities regulatory actions.
- §362(b)(27) excludes the setoff of
income tax refunds for tax period ended before the order for
relief against income tax liability for a period that also ended
before the order for relief.
- §362(a)(8) reduces the applicability
of the stay in the United States Tax Court.
Terminates the Stay in 60 after Motion for Relief
from Stay
§362(e)(2) terminates the Stay in 60
days after the motion if a final order has not been entered or the
60 days period extended.
Modifies the Basis for Relief from Stay
§362(d)(3) modifies the basis for
relief from stay in single asset real property cases.
Limits Recovery for Violations of Stay
§362(l) limits recovery of attorney's
fees for violation of the stay in certain cases if the
creditor's actions were taken in good faith.
Text appearing below in blue is the same in
H.R.333 and S.420. Text in maroon is
only in H.R.333. Text in green is
only in S.420. |
11 USC § 362. Automatic stay
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this
section, a petition filed under section 301, 302,
or 303 of this title, or an application filed under
section 5(a)(3) of the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970,
operates as a stay, applicable to all entities, of--
(1) the commencement or continuation, including the issuance or
employment of process, of a judicial, administrative, or other action or
proceeding against the debtor that was or could have been commenced
before the commencement of the case under this title, or to recover a
claim against the debtor that arose before the commencement of the case
under this title;
(2) the enforcement, against the debtor or against property of the
estate, of a judgment obtained before the commencement of the case under
this title;
(3) any act to obtain possession of property of the estate or of
property from the estate or to exercise control over property of the
estate;
(4) any act to create, perfect, or enforce any lien against property
of the estate;
(5) any act to create, perfect, or enforce against property of the
debtor any lien to the extent that such lien secures a claim that arose
before the commencement of the case under this title;
(6) any act to collect, assess, or recover a claim against the debtor
that arose before the commencement of the case under this title;
(7) the setoff of any debt owing to the debtor that arose before the
commencement of the case under this title against any claim against the
debtor; and
(8) the commencement or continuation of a proceeding before the
United States Tax Court concerning a corporate
debtor's tax liability for a taxable period the bankruptcy court may
determine or concerning an individual debtor's tax liability for a
taxable period ending before the order for relief under this title.
(b) The filing of a petition under section 301,
302, or 303 of this title, or of an
application under section 5(a)(3) of the Securities Investor Protection
Act of 1970, does not operate as a stay--
(1) under subsection (a) of this section, of the commencement or
continuation of a criminal action or proceeding against the debtor;
(2) under subsection (a)--
(A) of the commencement or continuation of a
civil action or proceeding--
(i) for the establishment of paternity;
(ii) for the establishment or modification
of an order for domestic support obligations
(iii) concerning child custody or
visitation;
(iv) for the dissolution of a marriage,
except to the extent that such proceeding seeks to determine the
division of property that is property of the estate; or
(v) regarding domestic violence;
(B) the collection of a domestic support
obligation from property that is not property of the estate;
(C) with respect to the withholding of income
that is property of the estate or property of the debtor for payment
of a domestic support obligation under a judicial or administrative
order;
(D) the withholding, suspension, or
restriction of drivers' licenses, professional and occupational
licenses, and recreational licenses under State law, as specified in
section 466(a)(16) of the Social Security Act;
(E) the reporting of overdue support owed by
a parent to any consumer reporting agency as specified in section
466(a)(7) of the Social Security Act;
(F) the interception of tax refunds, as
specified in sections 464 and 466(a)(3) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 664 and 666(a)(3)) or under an
analogous State law; or
(G) the enforcement of medical obligations as
specified under title IV of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
(3) under subsection (a) of this section, of any act to perfect, or
to maintain or continue the perfection of, an interest in property to
the extent that the trustee's rights and powers are subject to such
perfection under section 546(b) of this title or
to the extent that such act is accomplished within the period provided
under section 547(e)(2)(A) of this title;
(4) under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (6) of subsection (a) of this
section, of the commencement or continuation of an action or proceeding
by a governmental unit or any organization exercising authority under
the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened
for signature on January 13, 1993, to enforce such governmental unit’s
or organization’s police and regulatory power, including the
enforcement of a judgment other than a money judgment, obtained in an
action or proceeding by the governmental unit to enforce such
governmental unit’s or organization’s police or regulatory power;
(5) [deleted effective 10-21-98]
(6) under subsection (a) of this section, of the setoff by a
commodity broker, forward contract merchant, stockbroker, financial
institution, financial participant, or securities clearing agency
of any mutual debt and claim under or in connection with commodity
contracts, as defined in section 761 of this title,
forward contracts, or securities contracts, as defined in section 741
of this title, that constitutes the setoff of a claim against the debtor
for a margin payment, as defined in section 101, 741,
or 761 of this title, or settlement payment, as
defined in section 101 or 741 of
this title, arising out of commodity contracts, forward contracts, or
securities contracts against cash, securities, or other property held by,
pledged to, under the control of, or due from such commodity
broker, forward contract merchant, stockbroker, financial
institution, financial participant, or securities clearing agency
to margin, guarantee, secure, or settle commodity contracts, forward
contracts, or securities contracts;
(7) under subsection (a) of this section, of
the setoff by a repo participant or financial
participant, of any mutual debt and claim under or in connection
with repurchase agreements that constitutes the setoff of a claim
against the debtor for a margin payment, as defined in section 741
or 761 of this title, or settlement payment, as defined in section 741
of this title, arising out of repurchase agreements against cash,
securities, or other property held by, pledged to,
under the control of, or due from such repo participant or
financial participant to margin, guarantee, secure or settle
repurchase agreements;
(8) under subsection (a) of this section, of the commencement of any
action by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to foreclose a
mortgage or deed of trust in any case in which the mortgage or deed of
trust held by the Secretary is insured or was formerly insured under the
National Housing Act and covers property, or combinations of property,
consisting of five or more living units;
(9) under subsection (a), of--
(A) an audit by a governmental unit to determine tax liability;
(B) the issuance to the debtor by a governmental unit of a notice
of tax deficiency;
(C) a demand for tax returns; or
(D) the making of an assessment for any tax and issuance of a
notice and demand for payment of such an assessment (but any tax lien
that would otherwise attach to property of the estate by reason of
such an assessment shall not take effect unless such tax is a debt of
the debtor that will not be discharged in the case and such property
or its proceeds are transferred out of the estate to, or otherwise
revested in, the debtor).
(10) under subsection (a) of this section,
of any act by a lessor to the debtor under a lease of nonresidential
real property that has terminated by the expiration of the stated term
of the lease before the commencement of or during a case under this
title to obtain possession of such property;
(11) under subsection (a) of this section, of the presentment of a
negotiable instrument and the giving of notice of and protesting
dishonor of such an instrument;
(12) under subsection (a) of this section, after the date which is 90
days after the filing of such petition, of the commencement or
continuation, and conclusion to the entry of final judgment, of an
action which involves a debtor subject to reorganization pursuant to
chapter 11 of this title and which was brought by
the Secretary of Transportation under section 31325 of title 46
(including distribution of any proceeds of sale) to foreclose a
preferred ship or fleet mortgage, or a security interest in or relating
to a vessel or vessel under construction, held by the Secretary of
Transportation under section 207 or title XI of the Merchant Marine Act,
1936, or under applicable State law;
(13) under subsection (a) of this section, after the date which is 90
days after the filing of such petition, of the commencement or
continuation, and conclusion to the entry of final judgment, of an
action which involves a debtor subject to reorganization pursuant to
chapter 11 of this title and which was brought by
the Secretary of Commerce under section 31325 of title 46 (including
distribution of any proceeds of sale) to foreclose a preferred ship or
fleet mortgage in a vessel or a mortgage, deed of trust, or other
security interest in a fishing facility held by the Secretary of
Commerce under section 207 or title XI of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936;
(14) under subsection (a) of this section,
of any action by an accrediting agency regarding the accreditation
status of the debtor as an educational institution;
(15) under subsection (a) of this section, of any action by a State
licensing body regarding the licensure of the debtor as an educational
institution;
(16) under subsection (a) of this section, of any action by a
guaranty agency, as defined in section 435(j) of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 or the Secretary of Education regarding the eligibility of
the debtor to participate in programs authorized under such Act;
(17) under subsection (a), of the setoff by a
swap participant or financial participant of a mutual debt and claim
under or in connection with one or more swap agreements that constitutes
the setoff of a claim against the debtor for any payment or other
transfer of property due from the debtor under or in connection with any
swap agreement against any payment due to the debtor from the swap
participant or financial participant under or in connection with any
swap agreement or against cash, securities, or other property held by,
pledged to, under the control of, or due from such swap participant or
financial participant to margin, guarantee, secure, or settle any swap
agreement;
(18) under subsection (a) of the creation or
perfection of a statutory lien for an ad valorem property tax, or a
special tax or special assessment on real property whether or not ad
valorem, imposed by a governmental unit, if such tax or assessment comes
due after the filing of the petition;
(19) under subsection (a), of withholding of
income from a debtor's wages and collection of amounts withheld, under
the debtor's agreement authorizing that withholding and collection for
the benefit of a pension, profit-sharing, stock bonus, or other plan
established under section 401, 403, 408, 408A, 414, 457, or 501(a) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that is sponsored by the employer of
the debtor, or an affiliate, successor, or predecessor of such
employer--
(A) to the extent that the amounts withheld
and collected are used solely for payments relating to a loan from a
plan that satisfies the requirements of section 408(b)(1) of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or is subject to
section 72(p) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
(B) in the case of a loan from a thrift
savings plan described in subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5,
that satisfies the requirements of section 8433(g) of such title;
Nothing in paragraph (19) may be construed to
provide that any loan made under a governmental plan under section
414(d), or a contract or account under section 403(b) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 constitutes a claim or a debt under this title.
(20) under subsection (a), of any act to
enforce any lien against or security interest in real property following
the entry of an order under section 362(d)(4) as to that property in any
prior bankruptcy case for a period of 2 years after entry of such an
order, except that the debtor, in a subsequent case, may move the court
for relief from such order based upon changed circumstances or for other
good cause shown, after notice and a hearing;
(21) under subsection (a), of any act to
enforce any lien against or security interest in real property--
(A) if the debtor is ineligible under section
109(g) to be a debtor in a bankruptcy case; or
(B) if the bankruptcy case was filed in
violation of a bankruptcy court order in a prior bankruptcy case
prohibiting the debtor from being a debtor in another bankruptcy case;
In HR 333 only:
(22) under subsection (a)(3), of the continuation of any eviction,
unlawful detainer action, or similar proceeding by a lessor against a
debtor involving residential real property in which the debtor resides
as a tenant under a rental agreement;
(23) under subsection (a)(3), of the
commencement of any eviction, unlawful detainer action, or similar
proceeding by a lessor against a debtor involving residential real
property in which the debtor resides as a tenant under a rental
agreement that has terminated under the lease agreement or applicable
State law;
(24) under subsection (a)(3), of eviction
actions based on endangerment to property or person or the use of
illegal drugs;
(25) under subsection (a) of any transfer that
is not avoidable under section 544 and that is not avoidable under
section 549;
In S 403 only:
(23) under subsection (a)(3), of the commencement or continuation of any
eviction, unlawful detainer action, or similar proceeding by a lessor
against a debtor seeking possession of residential property--
(A) on which the debtor resides as a tenant;
and
(B) with respect to which--
(i) the debtor fails to make a
rental payment that first becomes due under the unexpired specific
term of a rental agreement or lease or under a tenancy under
applicable State or local rent control law, after the date of filing
of the petition or during the 10-day period preceding the date of
filing of the petition, if the lessor files with the court a
certification that the debtor has not made a payment for rent and
serves a copy of the certification upon the debtor; or
(ii) the debtor has a month to
month tenancy (or one of shorter term) other than under applicable
State or local rent control law where timely payments are made
pursuant to clause (i) if the lessor files with the court a
certification that the requirements of this clause have been met and
serves a copy of the certification upon the debtor.
(24) under subsection (a)(3), of the
commencement or continuation of any eviction, unlawful detainer action,
or similar proceeding by a lessor against a debtor seeking possession of
residential property, if during the 2-year period preceding the date of
filing of the petition, the debtor or another occupant of the leased
premises--
(A) commenced another case under this title;
and
(B) failed to make any rental payment that
first became due under applicable nonbankruptcy law after the date of
filing of the petition for that other case;
(25) under subsection (a)(3), of an eviction
action, to the extent that it seeks possession based on endangerment of
property or the illegal use of controlled substances on the property, if
the lessor files with the court a certification that such an eviction
has been filed or the debtor has endangered property or illegally used
or allowed to be used a controlled substance on the property during the
30-day period preceding the date of filing of the certification, and
serves a copy of the certification upon the debtor;
The following is numbered as (25) in S.403.
(26) under
subsection (a), of--
(A) the commencement or continuation of an
investigation or action by a securities self regulatory organization
to enforce such organization's regulatory power;
(B) the enforcement of an order or decision,
other than for monetary sanctions, obtained in an action by the
securities self regulatory organization to enforce such organization's
regulatory power; or
(C) any act taken by the securities self
regulatory organization to delist, delete, or refuse to permit
quotation of any stock that does not meet applicable regulatory
requirements;
(27) under subsection (a), of the setoff under
applicable nonbankruptcy law of an income tax refund, by a governmental
unit, with respect to a taxable period that ended before the order for
relief against an income tax liability for a taxable period that also
ended before the order for relief, except that in any case in which the
setoff of an income tax refund is not permitted under applicable
nonbankruptcy law because of a pending action to determine the amount or
legality of a tax liability, the governmental unit may hold the refund
pending the resolution of the action, unless the court, upon motion of
the trustee and after notice and hearing, grants the taxing authority
adequate protection (within the meaning of section 361) for the secured
claim of that authority in the setoff under section 506(a);
(28) under subsection (a), of the setoff by a
master netting agreement participant of a mutual debt and claim under or
in connection with one or more master netting agreements or any contract
or agreement subject to such agreements that constitutes the setoff of a
claim against the debtor for any payment or other transfer of property
due from the debtor under or in connection with such agreements or any
contract or agreement subject to such agreements against any payment due
to the debtor from such master netting agreement participant under or in
connection with such agreements or any contract or agreement subject to
such agreements or against cash, securities, or other property held by,
pledged to, under the control of, or due from such master netting
agreement participant to margin, guarantee, secure, or settle such
agreements or any contract or agreement subject to such agreements, to
the extent that such participant is eligible to exercise such offset
rights under paragraph (6), (7), or (17) for each individual contract
covered by the master netting agreement in issue; or
(29) under subsection (a), of the exclusion by
the Secretary of Health and Human Services of the debtor from
participation in the medicare program or any other Federal health care
program (as defined in section 1128B(f) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1320a-7b(f)) pursuant to title
XI of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)
or title XVIII of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1301
et seq.).
(c) Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), (f) and
(h) of this section--
(1) the stay of an act against property of the estate under
subsection (a) of this section continues until such property is no
longer property of the estate;
(2) the stay of any other act under subsection (a) of this section
continues until the earliest of--
(A) the time the case is closed;
(B) the time the case is dismissed; or
(C) if the case is a case under chapter 7 of
this title concerning an individual or a case under chapter 9, 11,
12, or 13 of this title, the time a discharge is
granted or denied; and
(3) if a single or joint case is filed by or
against an individual debtor under chapter 7, 11, or 13, and if a single
or joint case of the debtor was pending within the preceding 1-year
period but was dismissed, other than a case refiled under a chapter
other than chapter 7 after dismissal under section 707(b)--
(A) the stay under subsection (a) with
respect to any action taken with respect to a debt or property
securing such debt or with respect to any lease shall terminate with
respect to the debtor on the 30th day after the filing of the later
case;
(B) upon motion by a party in interest for
continuation of the automatic stay and upon notice and a hearing, the
court may extend the stay in particular cases as to any or all
creditors (subject to such conditions or limitations as the court may
then impose) after notice and a hearing completed before the
expiration of the 30-day period only if the party in interest
demonstrates that the filing of the later case is in good faith as to
the creditors to be stayed; and
(C) for purposes of subparagraph (B), a case
is presumptively filed not in good faith (but such presumption may be
rebutted by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary)--
(i) as to all creditors, if--
(I) more than 1 previous case under any
of chapters 7, 11, and 13 in which the individual was a debtor was
pending within the preceding 1-year period;
(II) a previous case under any of
chapters 7, 11, and 13 in which the individual was a debtor was
dismissed within such 1-year period, after the debtor failed to--
(aa) file or amend the petition or
other documents as required by this title or the court without
substantial excuse (but mere inadvertence or negligence shall
not be a substantial excuse unless the dismissal was caused by
the negligence of the debtor's attorney);
(bb) provide adequate protection as
ordered by the court; or
(cc) perform the terms of a plan
confirmed by the court; or
(III) there has not been a substantial
change in the financial or personal affairs of the debtor since
the dismissal of the next most previous case under chapter 7, 11,
or 13 or any other reason to conclude that the later case will be
concluded--
(aa) if a case under chapter 7, with a
discharge; or
(bb) if a case under chapter 11 or 13,
with a confirmed plan which will be fully performed; and
(ii) as to any creditor that commenced an
action under subsection (d) in a previous case in which the
individual was a debtor if, as of the date of dismissal of such
case, that action was still pending or had been resolved by
terminating, conditioning, or limiting the stay as to actions of
such creditor; and
(4)
(A)
(i) if a single or joint case is filed by
or against an individual debtor under this title, and if 2 or more
single or joint cases of the debtor were pending within the previous
year but were dismissed, other than a case refiled under section
707(b), the stay under subsection (a) shall not go into effect upon
the filing of the later case; and
(ii) on request of a party in interest, the
court shall promptly enter an order confirming that no stay is in
effect;
(B) if, within 30 days after the filing of
the later case, a party in interest requests the court may order the
stay to take effect in the case as to any or all creditors (subject to
such conditions or limitations as the court may impose), after notice
and hearing, only if the party in interest demonstrates that the
filing of the later case is in good faith as to the creditors to be
stayed;
(C) a stay imposed under subparagraph (B)
shall be effective on the date of entry of the order allowing the stay
to go into effect; and
(D) for purposes of subparagraph (B), a case
is presumptively not filed in good faith (but such presumption may be
rebutted by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary)--
(i) as to all creditors if--
(I) 2 or more previous cases under this
title in which the individual was a debtor were pending within the
1-year period;
(II) a previous case under this title in
which the individual was a debtor was dismissed within the time
period stated in this paragraph after the debtor failed to file or
amend the petition or other documents as required by this title or
the court without substantial excuse (but mere inadvertence or
negligence shall not be substantial excuse unless the dismissal
was caused by the negligence of the debtor's attorney), failed to
pay adequate protection as ordered by the court, or failed to
perform the terms of a plan confirmed by the court; or
(III) there has not been a substantial
change in the financial or personal affairs of the debtor since
the dismissal of the next most previous case under this title, or
any other reason to conclude that the later case will not be
concluded, if a case under chapter 7, with a discharge, and if a
case under chapter 11 or 13, with a confirmed plan that will be
fully performed; or
(ii) as to any creditor that commenced an
action under subsection (d) in a previous case in which the
individual was a debtor if, as of the date of dismissal of such
case, such action was still pending or had been resolved by
terminating, conditioning, or limiting the stay as to action of such
creditor.
(d) On request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing,
the court shall grant relief from the stay provided under subsection (a)
of this section, such as by terminating, annulling, modifying, or
conditioning such stay--
(1) for cause, including the lack of adequate protection of an
interest in property of such party in interest;
(2) with respect to a stay of an act against property under
subsection (a) of this section, if--
(A) the debtor does not have an equity in such property; and
(B) such property is not necessary to an effective reorganization;
or
(3) with respect to a stay of an act against single asset real estate
under subsection (a), by a creditor whose claim is secured by an
interest in such real estate, unless, not later than the date that is 90
days after the entry of the order for relief (or such later date as the
court may determine for cause by order entered within that 90-day
period) or 30 days after the court determines that
the debtor is subject to this paragraph, whichever is later--
(A) the debtor has filed a plan of reorganization that has a
reasonable possibility of being confirmed within a reasonable time; or
(B) the debtor has commenced monthly payments
that--
(i) may, in the debtor's sole discretion,
notwithstanding section 363(c)(2), be made from rents or other
income generated before or after the commencement of the case by or
from the property to each creditor whose claim is secured by such
real estate (other than a claim secured by a judgment lien or by an
unmatured statutory lien); and
(ii) are in an amount equal to interest at
the then applicable nondefault contract rate of interest on the
value of the creditor's interest in the real estate; or
(4) with respect to a stay of an act against
real property under subsection (a), by a creditor whose claim is secured
by an interest in such real estate, if the court finds that the filing
of the bankruptcy petition was part of a scheme to delay, hinder, and
defraud creditors that involved either--
(A) transfer of all or part ownership of, or
other interest in, the real property without the consent of the
secured creditor or court approval; or
(B) multiple bankruptcy filings affecting the
real property.
If recorded in compliance with applicable State
laws governing notices of interests or liens in real property, an order
entered under this subsection shall be binding in any other case under
this title purporting to affect the real property filed not later than 2
years after the date of entry of such order by the court, except that a
debtor in a subsequent case may move for relief from such order based
upon changed circumstances or for good cause shown, after notice and a
hearing. Any Federal, State, or local governmental unit that accepts
notices of interests or liens in real property shall accept any
certified copy of an order described in this subsection for indexing and
recording.
(e)
(1) Thirty days after a request under
subsection (d) of this section for relief from the stay of any act
against property of the estate under subsection (a) of this section,
such stay is terminated with respect to the party in interest making
such request, unless the court, after notice and a hearing, orders such
stay continued in effect pending the conclusion of, or as a result of, a
final hearing and determination under subsection (d) of this section. A
hearing under this subsection may be a preliminary hearing, or may be
consolidated with the final hearing under subsection (d) of this
section. The court shall order such stay continued in effect pending the
conclusion of the final hearing under subsection (d) of this section if
there is a reasonable likelihood that the party opposing relief from
such stay will prevail at the conclusion of such final hearing. If the
hearing under this subsection is a preliminary hearing, then such final
hearing shall be concluded not later than thirty days after the
conclusion of such preliminary hearing, unless the 30-day period is
extended with the consent of the parties in interest or for a specific
time which the court finds is required by compelling circumstances.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in a case
under chapter 7, 11, or 13 in which the debtor is an individual, the
stay under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 60 days
after a request is made by a party in interest under subsection (d),
unless--
(A) a final decision is rendered by the court
during the 60-day period beginning on the date of the request; or
(B) that 60-day period is extended--
(i) by agreement of all parties in
interest; or
(ii) by the court for such specific period
of time as the court finds is required for good cause, as described
in findings made by the court.
(f) Upon request of a party in interest, the court, with or without a
hearing, shall grant such relief from the stay provided under subsection
(a) of this section as is necessary to prevent irreparable damage to the
interest of an entity in property, if such interest will suffer such
damage before there is an opportunity for notice and a hearing under
subsection (d) or (e) of this section.
(g) In any hearing under subsection (d) or (e) of this section
concerning relief from the stay of any act under subsection (a) of this
section--
(1) the party requesting such relief has the burden of proof on the
issue of the debtor's equity in property; and
(2) the party opposing such relief has the burden of proof on all
other issues.
(h)
(1) In an individual case under chapter 7, 11,
or 13, the stay provided by subsection (a) is terminated with respect to
personal property of the estate or of the debtor securing in whole or in
part a claim, or subject to an unexpired lease, and such personal
property shall no longer be property of the estate if the debtor fails
within the applicable time set by section 521(a)(2) of this title--
(A) to file timely any statement of intention
required under section 521(a)(2) of this title with respect to that
property or to indicate in that statement that the debtor will either
surrender the property or retain it and, if retaining it, either
redeem the property pursuant to section 722 of this title, reaffirm
the debt it secures pursuant to section 524(c) of this title, or
assume the unexpired lease pursuant to section 365(p) of this title if
the trustee does not do so, as applicable; and
(B) to take timely the action specified in
that statement of intention, as it may be amended before expiration of
the period for taking action, unless the statement of intention
specifies reaffirmation and the creditor refuses to reaffirm on the
original contract terms.
(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply if the court
determines, on the motion of the trustee filed before the expiration of
the applicable time set by section 521(a)(2), after notice and a
hearing, that such property is of consequential value or benefit to the
estate, and orders appropriate adequate protection of the creditor's
interest, and orders the debtor to deliver any collateral in the
debtor's possession to the trustee. If the court does not so determine,
the stay provided by subsection (a) shall terminate upon the conclusion
of the proceeding on the motion.
(i) If a case commenced under chapter 7, 11, or
13 is dismissed due to the creation of a debt repayment plan, for purposes
of subsection (c)(3), any subsequent case commenced by the debtor under
any such chapter shall not be presumed to be filed not in good faith.
(j) On request of a party in interest, the court
shall issue an order under subsection (c) confirming that the automatic
stay has been terminated.
(k)
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an
individual injured by any willful violation of a stay provided by this
section shall recover actual damages, including costs and attorneys'
fees, and, in appropriate circumstances, may recover punitive damages.
(2) If such violation is based on an action taken by an entity in the
good faith belief that subsection (h) applies to the debtor, the
recovery under paragraph (1) of this subsection against such entity
shall be limited to actual damages.
(l)
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this
subsection, the provisions of subsection (a) do not apply in a case in
which the debtor--
(A) is a debtor in a small business case
pending at the time the petition is filed;
(B) was a debtor in a small business case
that was dismissed for any reason by an order that became final in the
2-year period ending on the date of the order for relief entered with
respect to the petition;
(C) was a debtor in a small business case in
which a plan was confirmed in the 2-year period ending on the date of
the order for relief entered with respect to the petition; or
(D) is an entity that has succeeded to
substantially all of the assets or business of a small business debtor
described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
(2) This subsection does not apply--
(A) to an involuntary case involving no
collusion by the debtor with creditors; or
(B) to the filing of a petition if--
(i) the debtor proves by a preponderance of
the evidence that the filing of that petition resulted from
circumstances beyond the control of the debtor not foreseeable at
the time the case then pending was filed; and
(ii) it is more likely than not that the
court will confirm a feasible plan, but not a liquidating plan,
within a reasonable period of time.
(m) LIMITATION- The exercise of rights not subject
to the stay arising under subsection (a) pursuant to paragraph (6), (7),
(17), or (28) of subsection (b) shall not be stayed by any order of a
court or administrative agency in any proceeding under this title. |